Regulatory & Supervisory Outlook

Risk outlook report

Central Bank of Ireland regulates more than 12,000 entities across a range of sectors providing financial services in Ireland and overseas, many of which have grown in scale and complexity in recent years.

We focus our efforts on those risks and vulnerabilities that pose the greatest threat to the achievement of our four interconnected safeguarding outcomes: the protection of consumer and investor interests, the safety and soundness of regulated entities, the integrity of the financial system and financial stability.

Our 2026 Regulatory & Supervisory Outlook sets out the Central Bank’s perspective on the key trends and risks that are shaping the financial sector operating landscape, and its consequent regulatory and supervisory priorities for the next two years.

Regulatory Supervisory Outlook Report 2026 | pdf 1898 KB

Report structure

Foreword

An introduction to the publication by the Governor of the Central Bank of Ireland, Mr Gabriel Makhlouf.

Read the Foreword in full. (PDF 1.85MB) 

Executive Summary

This section provides an overview of the global macro environment, major trends and the key risks facing the financial sector, and the Central Bank’s consequent regulation and supervision priorities.

Read the Executive Summary in full. (PDF 1.85MB)

Section 1 – The Global Macro Environmental Drivers of Risk

This section provides a high level overview of the major developments in the global macro environment that are drivers of risk within the financial sector.

Read Section 1 – The Global Macro Environmental Drivers of Risk in full. (PDF 1.85MB)

Section 2 – Risk Assessment and Outlook

This section sets out the key risks that are shaping the Central Bank’s regulation and supervision priorities. 

Read Section 2 – Risk Assessment and Outlook in full. (PDF 1.85MB)

Complex graphic detailing the Outlook. A full text alternative containing all information is provided below in the expanding panel titled 'Outlook Graphic - Accessible Version'.

This is the text alternative to the Outlook infographic above.

The infographic outlines outlook implications and supervisory priorities for of the Regulatory and Supervisory Outlook 2026 as follows:

Outlook: Geopolitical fragmentation and technological disruption are transforming financial services and changing the risk landscape.

    • Geopolitical and geoeconomic upheavals heighten risks and uncertainty for firms
    • The digitalisation of financial services brings many benefits but can introduce new risks for consumers
    • Operational and financial crime risks are rising, and cyber threats are becoming more acute.


    Section 3 – Supervisory Priorities

    This section elaborates on the key cross-cutting aspects of our regulation and supervision priorities.

    Read Section 3 – Supervisory Priorities in full. (PDF 1.85MB)

    Complex graphic detailing the Response Priorities. A full text alternative containing all information is provided below in the expanding panel titled 'Response Priorities Graphic - Accessible Version'.

    This is the text alternative to the infographic above.

    The infographic outlines outlook implications and supervisory priorities for of the Regulatory and Supervisory Outlook 2026 as follows:

    Response:

    As the environment becomes more uncertain, unstable and complex, firms must respond by being resilient, adaptable and consistently trustworthy.

    • Resilient - to withstand and respond to both traditional and novel shocks
    • Adaptable – so firms are able to deliver in the face of uncertainty and rapid change
    • Trustworthy – providing confidence to consumers and in the financial system

    Priorities:

    We focus our efforts on the immediate and long term risks posing the greatest threat to our safeguarding outcomes.

    • Supervisory Priority 1: Resilience to geopolitical risks and macro-financial uncertainties
    • Supervisory Priority 2: Securing consumer and investor interests in a rapidly changing world
    • Supervisory Priority 3: Responding to technology-driven transformations
    • Supervisory Priority 4: Helping to address the environmental and societal structural transitions underway
    • Supervisory Priority 5: Enhancing how we regulate and supervise

    Weaved throughout our work, we will continue to focus on the effectiveness of the governance and risk management practices of firms, as well as the culture and “tone from the top”.

    Section 4 – A Sectoral Focus

    This section outlines the Central Bank’s supervisory strategies, focus and activities for the different sectors that reflect both the cross-cutting risks and each sector’s particular situation.

    Read Section 4 - A Sectoral Focus in full (PDF 1.85MB).

    The topic of this Spotlight is the increased adoption of artificial intelligence (AI) by the financial sector, how it can influence both consumer protection and operational resilience risks, and what this means for supervised firms.

    Read Spotlight 1 – Approaching AI from a Supervisory Perspective

    This spotlight discusses the importance of operational resilience at supervised firms, in particular their application of the Digital Operational Resilience Act.

    Read Spotlight 2 – Supporting Resilient Service Provision

    This Spotlight outlines how the Central Bank is engaging with supervised firms to ensure that customer and investor outcomes are a focus in a rapidly changing and increasingly complex world.

    Read Spotlight 3 – Supporting Better Outcomes for Consumers and Investors.

    Dear CEO Letter Key Regulatory and Supervisory Priorities 2026 | pdf 125 KB

    See also:

    Our Approach to Supervision | pdf 325 KB Letter to the Tanaiste and Minister for Finance Simon Harris on the economic outlook and Central Bank’s regulatory priorities for 2026 | pdf 3317 KB Regulatory & Supervisory Outlook Report 2025 | pdf 2198 KB