Regulatory & Supervisory Outlook

Central Bank of Ireland regulates more than 13,000¹ entities across a range of sectors providing financial services in Ireland and overseas, many of which have grown in scale and complexity in recent years.

When regulating and supervising these entities, the Central Bank’s aim is to protect the interests of consumers and investors, and to preserve market integrity and financial stability, especially at times of stress.

Our 2025 Regulatory & Supervisory Outlook report sets out the Central Bank’s perspective on the key trends and risks that are shaping the financial sector operating landscape, and our consequent regulatory and supervisory priorities for the next two years.

Regulatory & Supervisory Outlook Report 2025 | pdf 2198 KB

Report structure

Executive Summary

This section provides an overview of the global macro environment, major trends and the key risks facing the financial sector, and the Central Bank’s regulation and supervision priorities in light of those risks.

Read the Executive Summary in full.

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Section 1 – The Global Macro Environment

This section provides a high level overview of the major developments in the global macro environment that are drivers of risk within the financial sector.

Read Section 1 – The Global Macro Environment in full.

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Section 2 – Risk Outlook

This section sets out the key risks that are shaping the Central Bank’s regulation and supervision priorities.

Read Section 2 – Risk Outlook in full.

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Section 3 – Supervisory Priorities

This section elaborates on the key cross-cutting aspects of our regulation and supervision priorities.

Read Section 3 – Supervisory Priorities in full.

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Section 4 – A Sectoral Focus

This section outlines the Central Bank’s supervisory strategies, focus and activities for the different sectors that reflect both the cross-cutting risks and each sector’s particular situation.

Read Section 4 - A Sectoral Focus in full.

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Spotlight 1 – Safeguarding Consumer Interests

The topic of this Spotlight is consumer risk drivers, their impact on consumer outcomes and our 2025 consumer risk priorities.

Read Spotlight 1 – Safeguarding Consumer Interests.

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Spotlight 2 – AI: Balancing Opportunities and Risks

The topic of this Spotlight explores the implications of the growing use of artificial intelligence (AI) across the financial sector. It provides a supervisory perspective on the issues that need to be considered in managing the risks while exploiting the benefits.

Read Spotlight 2 – AI: Balancing Opportunities and Risks.

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Spotlight 3 – Geopolitical Risks: A Framework for Navigating Heightened Uncertainty

The topic of this Spotlight is on how scenario analysis techniques are useful in navigating periods of high uncertainty for firms.

Read Spotlight 3 – Geopolitical Risks: A Framework for Navigating Heightened Uncertainty.

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[1] This figure includes approximately 9,000 investment funds.

Dear CEO Letter - Key regulation and supervision priorities 2025 | pdf 99 KB

Press Release - Central Bank of Ireland sets out its regulatory and supervisory priorities for 2025 against the backdrop of global transformational change, heightened volatility and increasing complexity